Isnin, 1 Januari 2018

Islamic Art (Group 7)

LINK VIDEO PRESENTATION ISLAMIC ART GROUP 7 :

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xMiVs73p2w


ISLAMIC ART – CALLIGRAPHY

  • - an artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, based upon an alphabet in lands of
  •  sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage (eg: Arabic, Ottoman, Persian calligraphy).
  • - known in Arabic as Khatt Islami meaning Islami line, design or construction.
  • - Traditional instrument: Qalam, a pen normally made of dried reed or bamboo; the ink is often in colour. Some styles are often written using a metallic-tip pen.
  • - applied on a wide range of decorative mediums other than paper, such as tiles, vessels, carpets, and inscriptions. Before the advent of paper, papyrus and parchment were used for writing. The advent of paper revolutionized calligraphy. While monasteries in Europe treasured a few dozen volumes, libraries in the Muslim world regularly contained hundreds and even thousands of books.
  • - another medium: dinar (gold coins) in 692. The coins were inscribed with quotes from the Qur'an.
  • -  in 10th century, the Persians began weaving inscriptions onto elaborately patterned silks.
  • - Styles:   1. Kufic                → oldest form of the Arabic script.
                                                           → since 7th century in area of Kufa, Iraq.
2. Naskh              → since 10th century.
3. Regional style → since 14th century, the other cursive styles began to develop in Turkey (Diwani), Persia (Nasta’liq) and China (Sini).






Example of Kufic calligraphy

Description: Folio from a Koran
Date: 11th century
Author: Not stated
Medium: Ink, colour and gold on paper
Place of creation: Iran





Example of Naskh calligraphy

Title: Text Page with Dedication to the Ottoman Sultan Selim I
Description: The line written in gold Riqa' script on this page from Walters manuscript W.591 refers the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, to whom this work is dedicated. The bequest (waqf) seal of Bashir Agha, dated 1130 AH/AD 1717, is at the left.
Author: Muhammad ibn Pir Ahmad Al-Shahir bi-ibn Arghun Al-Shirazi
Date: 1512 AD
Medium: ink and pigments on laid paper
Place of creation: Bursa, Turkey

Example of regional style (Nasta’liq) calligraphy

Title: Sample of Calligraphy in Persian Nasta’liq Script
Author: Mir Ali Heravi
Date: between 1500 and 1600
Medium: ink, opaque watercolours and gold on paper




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